A New Latin Treebank for Universal Dependencies : Charters between Ancient Latin and Romance Languages

The present work introduces a new Latin treebank that follows the Universal Dependencies (UD) annotation standard. The treebank is obtained from the automated conversion of the Late Latin Charter Treebank 2 (LLCT2), originally in the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) style. As this treebank consists of Early Medieval legal documents, its language variety differs considerably from both the Classical and Medieval learned varieties prevalent in the other currently available UD Latin treebanks. Consequently, besides significant phenomena from the perspective of diachronic linguistics, this treebank also poses several challenging technical issues for the current and future syntactic annotation of Latin in the UD framework. Some of the most relevant cases are discussed in depth, with comparisons between the original PDT and the resulting UD annotations. Additionally, an overview of the UD-style structure of the treebank is given, and some diachronic aspects of the transition from Latin to Romance languages are highlighted.Peer reviewe

UDante: First Steps Towards the Universal Dependencies Treebank of Dante’s Latin Works

This paper1 presents the early stages of the development of a new treebank containing all of Dante Alighieri’s Latin works. In particular, it describes the conversion of the original TEI-XML files to CoNLL-U, the creation of a gold standard, the process of training four annotators and the evaluation of the syntactic annotation in terms of inter-annotator agreement and LA, UAS and LAS. The aim is to release a new resource, in view of the celebrations for the 700th anniversary of Dante’s death, which can support the development of the Vocabolario Dantesco

Feasibility of computer vision as Process Analytical Technology tool for the drying of organic apple slices

Quality of a product and sustainability of its production depend on the cumulative impacts of each processing step in the food chain and their interplay. Various research studies evidenced that many drying systems operate inefficiently in terms of drying time, energy demand (e.g. fossil fuels), raw material utilisation and resulting product quality. Moreover, not all conventional drying processes are allowed in the organic sector (Reg. EC 834/2007; Reg. EC 889/2008). In recent years, non-invasive monitoring and control systems have shown a great potential for improvement of the quality of the resulting products. Thus, there is a need for smart processes which allow for simultaneous multi factorial control to guarantee high-value end products, enhance energy and resource efficiency by using innovative and reliable microcontrollers, sensors and embracing various R&D areas (e.g. computer vision, deep learning, etc.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of computer vision (CV) as a tool in development of smart drying technologies to non-destructively forecast changes in moisture content of apple slices during drying. Usage of computer vision (CV) as Process Analytical Technology in drying of apple slices was tested. Samples were subjected to various anti-browning treatments at sub- and atmospheric pressures, and dried at 60°C up to a moisture content on dry basis (MCdb) of 0.18 g/g. CV-based prediction models of changes in moisture content on wet basis (MCwb) were developed and promising results were obtained (R2P > 0.99, RMSEP = 0.011÷0.058 and BIASP < 0.06 in absolute value), regardless of the anti-browning treatment. The proposed methodology lays the foundations for a scale-up smart-drying system based on CV and automation

Overview of the EvaLatin 2022 Evaluation Campaign

This paper describes the organization and the results of the second edition of EvaLatin, the campaign for the evaluation of Natural Language Processing tools for Latin. The three shared tasks proposed in EvaLatin 2022, i. e. Lemmatization, Part-of-Speech Tagging and Features Identification, are aimed to foster research in the field of language technologies for Classical languages. The shared dataset consists of texts mainly taken from the LASLA corpus. More specifically, the training set includes only prose texts of the Classical period, whereas the test set is organized in three sub-tasks: a Classical sub-task on a prose text of an author not included in the training data, a Cross-genre sub-task on poetic and scientific texts, and a Cross-time sub-task on a text of the 15th century. The results obtained by the participants for each task and sub-task are presented and discussed

A Treebank-based Approach to the Supprema Constructio in Dante’s Latin Works

This paper aims to apply a corpus-driven approach to Dante Alighieri’s Latin works using UDante, a treebank based on Dante Search and part of the Universal Dependencies project. We present a method based on the notion of barycentre applied to a dependency tree as a way to calculate the “syntactic balance” of a sentence. Its application to Dante’s Latin works shows its potential in analysing the style of an author, and contributes to the interpretation of the supprema constructio mentioned in DVE II vi 7 as a well balanced syntactic pattern modeled on Latin literary writin

Sprofondamenti in aree urbane: il caso del parco “Ytzhak Rabin” (via Panama, Roma)

In Rome urban area, within the garden dedicated to Ytzhak Rabin (a portion of the Villa Ada park), occurrence of a few collapses has been observed for the first time in September 2012. In the surroundings, presence of underground cavities- mainly catacombs- is conversely well documented by previous studies. Local authorities were immediately informed of sinkholes formation, because collapses occurred very close to a playground located in a highly frequented sector of the garden. Propagation processes of the phenomena, periodically monitored since their first observation, significantly fastened after a period of heavy rainfalls on Rome area in January- February 2014. Thus, multidisciplinary geophysical investigations have been started in agreement with Civil Protection of Rome Municipality, who has taken preliminary safety measures (installation of fences and danger signals). Hitherto, 28 sinkholes have been identified, aligned along a WNW-ESE trending zone, testifying localized collapses of the roof of underground cavities, probably belonging to the palaeocristian catacomb systems dug nearby Via Salaria. Preliminary geophysical prospections have been performed in a small test area, in order to verify methods applicability and thus program a systematic survey of the whole garden. Drillings, and direct exploration of the accessible galleries, will complete the reconstruction of underground geometry and conservation state of vaults and pillars. Once completed the hazard assessment, the planning of urgent works is expected in order to restore the complete use of the garden.Published25 - 422TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostaleN/A or not JC

Indagini geofisiche e geochimiche di un sinkhole in formazione nell’area di Guidonia (Lazio)

The Plio-Quaternary Acque Albule Basin is already known for the occurrence of sinkholes; since the spring 2014, it has been ongoing the study of an active subsidence process, which formed a depressed area near the Guidonia village. During the last year, the phenomenon has become more intense giving rise to two collapses along the eastern rim of the depression. Thus, geophysical and geogeochemical investigation campaigns started in order to understand the genesis and evolution of the phenomenon. Survey results allowed a geological and structural characterization, showing the presence of “travertino” at the depression margins and its absence therein. It has been recognized, by the geophysics, features with NW-SE and NNE-SSW direction ascribable to a possible depression fracturing and consistent with regional structural trends. Thus, it has been possible to plan and perform geognostic investigation consisting in two drillings aimed to define the stratigraphy of the marginal and inner part of the depression.Published7 - 162TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostaleJCR Journa

Geophysical surveys integrated in the "Il Piano" area (Isola d'Elba, Italy) to goal census and cataloging cavities anthropic origin

Numerosi sprofondamenti si sono verificati nell’ultimo decennio in un’area di fondovalle compresa nel territorio di Rio Marina all’Isola d’Elba (località Il Piano), ed hanno interessato abitazioni, aree agricole e la strada di collegamento tra Rio Marina e Rio nell’Elba, la SP26. Nell’intorno affi ora la formazione del Calcare Cavernoso dove si è sviluppato un sistema caveale, la “Grotta di San Giuseppe”; inizialmente ciò faceva ipotizzare anche la presenza di cavità all’interno del substratocarbonatico. L’integrazione di diversi metodi geofisici indiretti ha evidenziato invece un altro motivo causale di origine antropica nella formazioni di questi sinkhole. Gli obiettivi dello studio sono stati ottenere un modello geologico e idrogeologico della zona; individuare possibili cavità e/o carenze di massa/densità che sarebbero potute evolvere in sprofondamenti; valutare la suscettibilità della zona agli sprofondamenti. Tra i risultati delle indagini geofisiche integrate: a) i modelli gravimetrici 2D e 3D hanno fornito informazioni sulla distribuzione spaziale delle densità nel sottosuolo; b) la 3D-ERT ha caratterizzato il comportamento elettrico dei materiali; c) il metodo H/V ha permesso di stimare lo spessore medio delle alluvioni. Le indagini geofisiche integrate, unite ad un’accurata ricostruzione della trasformazione ambientale dell’area, hanno consentito una caratterizzazione geomorfologica e idrogeologica del territorio. L’interpretazione di questi dati ha permesso di comprendere l’innesco dei fenomeni di sprofondamento e di redarre mappe delle aree a rischio.Published81-907A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la societàJCR Journa